njinga yamoto
Kuyendetsa kayendedwe kosatha | Misewu Yapadziko Lonse
Kwa anthu ambiri okhala m'mizinda, kusankha kupalasa njinga m'malo mwa njira zina zoyendera ku North America kwatenga gawo lowopsa kwambiri pa mliri wa COVID-19. Oyenda pa njinga amadzimva otetezeka kuti asakhale pafupi kwambiri ndi mabasi, matramu, masitima ndi njira zina zoyendera anthu, ngakhale oyendetsa maulendowa akuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti athetse mavuto ena.
Koma maziko a njinga zotetezeka anali atayikidwa kale ndi mizinda yambiri yaku North America mliriwu usanachitike. Mpaka koyambirira kwa 2000s, mayendedwe apanjinga ku North America anali atapangidwa motengera nzeru za njinga yamagalimoto - pomwe woyendetsa njinga amagwiritsa ntchito msewu wamagalimoto ngati njinga njinga. Izi zinali zabwino kwa iwo omwe amayenda pa njinga omwe zolemba zaukadaulo zimawatcha "olimba komanso opanda mantha" - nthawi zambiri othamanga kapena omwe kale anali othamanga - omwe amakhala omasuka kusakanikirana ndi matani achitsulo omwe akudutsa.
Pamodzi koma olekanitsidwa: Misewu ya njinga za Vancouver imakondwera ndi mabanja ngakhale munthawi yothamanga © David Arminas / World Highways
Koma kuyambira koyambirira kwa ma 2010, njinga zamagalimoto ku North America zasinthidwa ndi nzeru zopitilira njinga. Maganizo awa adayambitsidwa ndi achi Dutch kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, komanso Montreal ku Canada monga woyamba kulowa nawo m'ma 1990.
Ambiri oyenda pa njinga samasangalala kusakaniza ndi chitsulo. Osachita mantha amafuna kuchuluka kwachitetezo chamunthu chomwe chimatanthauza njira zopatukana zopangidwa ndi chitetezo m'malingaliro kuyambira koyambirira - kwa oyendetsa galimoto komanso oyendetsa njinga, atero a Tyler Golly, mainjiniya oyendetsa zoyendetsa komanso oyang'anira gulu la Canada ku US- yochokera ku Toole Design *, katswiri wothandizira zaukadaulo omwe amatenga nawo mbali kwambiri pamayendedwe oyenda komanso misewu.
Popeza kutsekedwa kwa Covid kumachepetsa ndikuchulukitsa kwamabizinesi ndi maofesi, kodi anthu ambiri azikwera njinga zawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe oyenda?
“Ndani ali ndi yankho? Zomwe tikudziwa ndikuti zimatenga masiku 30 kapena 60 kuchitapo kanthu kuti mupange zizolowezi zatsopano, kaya ndizochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, zakudya kapena zinthu zina, "atero a Golly omwe amakhala mumzinda wakumadzulo kwa Canada ku Edmonton. "Zokhotakhota zapita kutalika kotereku kulola anthu kuti athe kuyesa mayendedwe osiyanasiyana. Malo ogulitsira njinga kuno [ku Edmonton] angakuwuzeni kuti posachedwa adzaza ndi mafunso okhudza njinga. Anthu ambiri akuwoneka kuti akukonza njinga zawo zakale ndikukonzanso panjira. ”
Funso ndilakuti, akutero, kodi boma liziwona ntchito zantchito zoyenda mozungulira ngati gawo limodzi lolimbikitsa kuti chuma chiziyenda pambuyo pa Covid. "Awonanso izi ngati gawo limodzi lantchito zakusintha kwanyengo ndi zomangamanga zomwe zimathandiza ndi mpweya wabwino wamatawuni?"
Nkhani ya anthu ambiri pa nthawi ya Covid yakhala ikusiyana pakati pa anthu. Izi zitha kukhala zovuta pamagalimoto apaulendo ngakhale ambiri omwe amayendetsa mayendedwe akhazikitsa mabasi, sitima zapansi panthaka ndi sitima. Komabe, amafunsa, ngati makinawa atengedwa pambuyo pa mliri wa Covid, kodi anthu abwerera kukakwera mahatchi kapena kupitiliza kuyenda?
Talingalirani momwe mizinda yatsekera misewu yamagalimoto yomwe sanagwiritse ntchito pang'ono chifukwa cha magalimoto ochepa pamsewu ndikuwapatulira poyenda pa njinga. Anthu tsopano atha kugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro ndi malo ambiri oti aziyenda ndi kuyenda. "Zonsezi zandipangitsa ine, banja langa komanso anzanga ena kukayikira malingaliro okhudza anthu komanso mayendedwe," akutero.
Mwachitsanzo, Covid awonetsa kufunikira kokhala ndi zinthu zambiri monga masitolo ogulitsa, malo ogulitsira zakudya komanso malo ogulitsa mankhwala pafupi ndi nyumba, pafupi ndi poyenda kapena pa njinga. "Izi zitha kusintha madera ogwiritsa ntchito m'matauni ndikusintha mayendedwe ndi zomangamanga."
Malo Otetezeka Kumpoto kwa America
Kuyendetsa njinga mosasunthika kumatanthauza kupanga kanjira pamitengo iwiri, akufotokoza Golly. “Choyamba, anthu amalakwitsa. Chachiwiri, thupi la munthu limakhala pachiwopsezo chilichonse pakagundana ndi galimoto. Chifukwa chake mumapanga njira yoyenda njinga yamayendedwe ndi oyendetsa njinga kuti mupewe kuvulala kapena kufa. ”
Njira yaku Dutch inali ndi mbali ziwiri, adatero. Komwe kuthamanga kwamagalimoto ndikokwera kuposa komwe thupi la munthu lingalolere ngati atagundana, amasiyanitsa oyenda pa njinga ndi magalimoto ndikupanga njanji. Anayamba kuwaika m'mizinda ndikupanga yayitali kuti agwirizane ndi matauni ndi mizinda.
Mbali inayi inali yopanga misewu yokonda njinga pomwe njinga ndi kuyenda zinali zofunika kwambiri kuposa ogwiritsa ntchito magalimoto omwe amayenera kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono kuti asavulaze aliyense ngati mwachita ngozi. “Kwenikweni, mumasakaniza anthu ndi magalimoto okhaokha pang'onopang'ono. Kumpoto kwa America, pogwiritsa ntchito nzeru zakale zoyendetsa njinga zamoto, munasakaniza ogwiritsa ntchito onse, mosasamala kanthu za liwiro lagalimoto, ndipo onse anali mumsewu womwewo. ”
Kapangidwe kazoyendetsa njinga zikukhala ndi zida zatsopano za njinga, kuchokera pamitundu yoyeserera komanso yonyamula katundu kuwonetsa makina © David Arminas / World Highways
Izi zinali zabwino kwa ochepa oyenda pa njinga omwe ali omasuka kuyenda pamsewu. Gulu ili likadalipo. “Mwina sangazindikire kuti ali ndi nkhawa yambiri m'matupi awo koma amatha kuchita izi. Anthu ambiri sangathe. Kuchita anthu opanda mantha komanso opanda mantha kuti ndikhale otetezeka ndi zomwe ndakhala ndikuchita kuno ku Edmonton, ku Calgary, Victoria, Auckland, Houston, Boston ndi Winnipeg. ”
Kupalasa njinga zamagalimoto kumatanthauzanso kuti woyenda pa njinga amachita ngati njinga ili mgalimoto ndikugawana nseu. Ndikofunika kuti woyendetsa njinga azichita zinthu moyenera m'galimoto. "Sindikuganiza kuti udindo wogawana nawo chitetezo panjinga yamagalimoto wachepetsa kapena safunikiranso mukamayendetsa njinga."
Pofika koyambirira kwa 2000s, mizinda yaku North America idayamba kuyambitsa misewu yojambulidwa yomwe sinali yosiyana ndi mayendedwe apamagalimoto. Cholinga chake chinali choti anthu azimva kuti ndi otetezeka komanso kukhala otetezeka.
"Izi zidapangitsa kuti anthu ena azimva kuti ndi otetezeka koma iyi inali kanyumba kakang'ono ka anthu omwe angayende pa njinga. Misewu yopakidwa utoto inali yopapatiza ndipo nthawi zambiri inali m'misewu yomwe inali ndi liwiro lalikulu la magalimoto komanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto, "adatero. “Ambiri mwa anthu sanakonzekere kupalasa njinga kumalo amenewa. Ndizovuta komanso zosasangalatsa kwa iwo. Anthu nawonso salola kuti ana awo azikwera motere. ”
Mwachitsanzo, adati, kafukufuku ku Edmonton kuzungulira 2013 adawonetsa kuti oyendetsa magalimoto, omwe ambiri mwa iwo anali oyendetsa njinga zamasewera, adawona misewu yatsopano yopakidwa osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Anazindikiranso kuti mayendedwe awo apamagalimoto anali ochepera kuti agwirizane ndi kagawo ka msewu. Oyendetsa magalimoto "adakhumudwitsidwa" kuti asiya malo, adatero.
Montreal ndiye woyamba
Montreal unali mzinda woyamba ku North America kuthana ndi vuto lopanga njira zopitilira Europe. Velo Quebec *, wokhala ku Montreal, anali mgulu la mabungwe okweza njinga omwe adachita nawo mapangidwe apanjinga, akutero a Golly. Buku lotsogolera la Velo Quebec limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mizinda yambiri yaku North America ngati chitsanzo cha zomwe zingachitike kulimbikitsa oyendetsa njinga ku kontrakitala, makamaka madera akumpoto kwambiri.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zalekanitsa Montreal ndikuti mayendedwe amzindawu adapangidwa kuti azitha kutsuka chipale chofewa ndi ayezi. Ngakhale mizinda yambiri yaku kumpoto kwa US komanso mizinda yambiri yaku Canada idakhala ndi nyengo yozizira ngati Montreal, izi sizidaganiziridweko m'zaka za m'ma 1990, ngakhale masiku ano, atero a Golly. Koma lero, kutchuka kwa njinga kwatanthawuza kuti pali oyendetsa njinga m'mizinda yambiri omwe angayendere nyengo yopanda zero panjinga zomwe tsopano zakonzeka kukwera nthawi yozizira. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamatayala otchedwa mafuta omwe ali ndi matayala ofanana ndi mabaluni komanso othyola. Palinso matayala okhala ndi ma njinga.
"Calgary [kumwera kwa Edmonton] akuti pafupifupi 30% ya okwera pama chilimwe amapitilizabe kukwera nthawi yozizira ndipo kuno ku Edmonton pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa asanu ndi mmodzi [17%]. Izi ndizodabwitsa chifukwa maukonde ena ampikisano amzindawu samalumikizidwa monga momwe azikhalira komanso kuti machitidwe oundana ndi chipale chofewa akusinthabe. ” Ndizodabwitsa kwambiri kuti nyengo yozizira imatha kuyenderera mozungulira -20oC masiku angapo kumapeto kenako kutsika mpaka -35 ° C kwa masiku angapo.
Mwamwayi, mizinda yambiri ikugawana zidziwitso za kapangidwe ka mayendedwe azizunguliridwe wina ndi mnzake. Zinthu zina sizodziwikiratu, monga kusintha kayendedwe ka magetsi kuti akwere njinga. “Pali njira zambiri zogawana zidziwitso zomwe zimathandizira anzawo kuti azisinthana malingaliro. Monga alangizi, tili ndi udindo wochita powonetsa kasitomala wathu zovuta zakapangidwe kazoyenda ndikuwuza zinthu zomwe mwina sankaganizako asanapite kukapereka ndalama. ”
Mukamapanga msewu, muli ndi magalimoto opanga omwe amakuthandizani kusankha njira yolowera ndikuzindikira utali wakona kuti magalimoto azitha kuyeretsa. Momwemonso pamisewu yoyenda mozungulira, akufotokoza Golly. Bicycle yokha ndi galimoto yopanga ndipo amabwera mosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe tsopano, kuyambira njinga zoyambira mpaka zopepuka, njinga zonyamula katundu, ngakhale ma tricycle atatu. Pakukonzekera kwambiri, magalimoto okonza chilimwe ndi nthawi yozizira amayenera kuzindikiridwa.
Misewu yokomera njinga: kuthamanga kwambiri kwamagalimoto kumachepetsa kuvulala kwambiri ngati mwakumana ndi woyendetsa njinga ku Victoria, British Columbia © David Arminas / World Highways
"M'mizinda yozizira kwambiri, imodzi mwamagalimoto opangika akhoza kukhala ndi kanyumba kakang'ono pamenepo ndipo m'lifupi mwake muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwe ulipo," akutero. “Komanso, pulani iyenera kukhala ndi malo omwe chipale chofewa chingasungidwe mpaka kuchotsedwa. Chifukwa chake mapangidwe amisewu amatha kusiyanasiyana, kutengera kuchuluka kwa chisanu chomwe mumapeza; nthawi yayitali bwanji chisanu; nyengo yozizira.
“Mwachitsanzo, kodi chipale chofewa chimasungunuka ikangogwa? Kodi chipale chofewa chimakhala cholemera komanso cholemera kuzungulirazungulira kapena chimakhala chofewa kwambiri ndipo chimachotsedwa mosavuta chochuluka? Ku Edmonton, amagwiritsa ntchito pochotsa chipale chofewa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito munthawi zina m'njira za anthu oyenda m'mapaki, "akutero. "Mzindawu ungafunikire kupangira ndalama zogulira njira zosiyanasiyana zothanirana ndi chipale chofewa."
Mukayerekezera zojambula kuyambira zaka 10 zapitazo, kuchuluka kwa mayendedwe azinthu zikuchepa chifukwa chakujambula bwino pazambiri. Lingaliro ndiloti azigwiritsa ntchito mwachilengedwe. Koma ngakhale atapanga mamangidwe abwino, maphunziro amomwe angagwiritsire ntchito ndikusintha kwa iwo amafunikira, kwa oyendetsa galimoto ndi oyendetsa njinga. Madalaivala adzafuna kudziwa zomwe ayenera kuyang'ana. Ngakhale oyenda pansi atha kufunsa momwe angayendere njinga ya njinga ngati akufuna kupita kokwerera basi.
Akulozera kukhazikitsidwa kwa mayendedwe atsopano ku Edmonton ndi Calgary ku Canada ndi Houston m'boma la Texas ku US. Malangizo amaperekedwa kwa onse oyendetsa ndi oyendetsa njinga pamaloboti kapena pomwe oyendetsa njinga amayimilira, pamphambano, kapena madalaivala oyimika magalimoto awo.
"Mizinda iyi imakhala ndimagulu amisewu kapena akazembe amisewu," akutero. "Anthuwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ophunzira nthawi yopuma, amatumiza timapepala tofotokozera, kuyankha mafunso, kuthandiza oyenda pa njinga kuyenda pamphambano yatsopano kapena kutsitsa zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito misewu akukonzekera okonza mizinda."
Mpheta
Zolemba pamseu ndi zoyenda mozungulira ziyenera kukhala zowerengera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito onse, kaya kuyenda, kupalasa njinga kapena kuyendetsa. Muyenera kudziwa zomwe muyenera kuchita komanso zomwe anthu ena akuyenera kuchita. Chifukwa chake kuyika chizindikiro kuyenera kukhala kwachilengedwe.
“Malo oyika mpheta zimadalira kukula kwa mseu. Panjira yopapatiza, iyenera kuti ili pakatikati pa mseu. M'misewu ikuluikulu, imatha kupita mbali imodzi ya mseu. ”
Mukabwereranso kumayambiriro kwa zaka za 2000, timabampu tinkasonyeza komwe mungayendere msewu, chifukwa chake mukadakhala kuti mukukwera ndendende pamwamba pa mpheta. Adakuthandizani kudziwa komwe mungapeze. Koma ming'oma nthawi zambiri inali m'misewu yothamanga kwambiri, yothamanga kwambiri pomwe oyendetsa njinga ambiri samakhala okwera bwino.
"Nthawi zambiri tsopano, timitima tating'onoting'ono timapezeka pamagalimoto otsika kwambiri, misewu yothamanga kwambiri ndipo ndi njira yokhayo yosiyana ndi komwe muyenera kukwera pamsewu." (onani mawonekedwe, Otetezeka ndi Sharrows?, mu gawo la Highways and Safety)
Zipangizo zamakono zapa njinga zimapatsa okwera njirayi masitayelo a njinga, monga njinga zamagetsi, zomwe zimayenera kukhazikika pamisewu. “Ku Auckland ku New Zealand kwachuluka kwambiri pa ma e-njinga chifukwa mzindawu ndi wamapiri kwambiri. E-bike imamveka bwino kwa ambiri oyenda pa njinga. Anthu akale okwerera njinga zamaseŵera angawagule chifukwa akufuna kukwera nawo maulendo ataliatali. ”
Malamulo oyendetsa njinga zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagalimoto, maulamuliro a njinga zamtundu wa e-bicycle akugwirabe ntchito, akuti. Kuthamanga kwa ma e-bikes ndi vuto kwa ma municipalities ena. Komabe, monga Golly akunenera, nthawi zambiri thandizo limayamba pambuyo pa liwiro lina, makamaka 32km / h, komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kumayendetsedwa.
Oyendetsa njinga ambiri amatha kuyenda pa liwiro lomwelo popanda e-assist mulimonse, kotero ma e-bikers amangotsatira anzawo ena apa njinga. Amakhulupirira kuti mzinda kapena tawuni iliyonse ikhala ndi malamulo ake okhudzana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka e-bike.
"Ndikukhulupirira kuti mliriwu wapanganso malo omwe timakambirana za momwe madera athu amtsogolo akuyenera kuwonekera ndikutikakamiza kukayikira zinthu zomwe tinkaona ngati zopanda pake," akutero a Golly. "China chake chodzutsa."
* Toole Design ikuthandiza American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials - AASHTO - kusinthanso Buku lake la Development of Bicycle Facilities. Toole Design yakhala ikugwira ntchito yokonza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bukhuli kuyambira ma 1990s.
Kuyenda moyipa kwa Golly
Tyler Golly, wazaka 38, adabadwira m'chigawo cha Canada ku Saskatchewan. Ali ndi digiri ya Bachelors in Engineering yochokera ku University of Alberta, ku Edmonton, ndi Masters Degree in Engineering yochokera ku University of Calgary. Wakhala ali ndi Toole Design kuyambira 2018 ndipo ndi director of Toole Design Group Canada, akugwira ntchito kuofesi ya Edmonton, Alberta.
Tyler Golly kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa France komanso pamiyala ya Paris-Roubaix Challenge ku 2017 © Tyler Golly
Golly anali wothandizana ndi Edmonton-based Stantec Group kuyambira 2015-2018 ndipo adayang'ana kwambiri pakupereka mayendedwe osatha ku Edmonton, Canada, ndi ku US. Adatumizidwa kwakanthawi ku New Zealand kuti akathandize ndi Stantec kupeza MWH. Ali komweko, adawunikanso za Bicycle Quality of Service Framework yamzinda wa Auckland, New Zealand.
Ndi Edmonton (2012-2015) anali woyang'anira wamkulu wa mayendedwe okhazikika. Anayang'anira kukhazikitsidwa kwa ntchito yokhudzana ndi chitukuko, misewu yayikulu, misewu ndi njira, njinga zamayikidwe, njira zophatikizira zamaulendo apamtunda, komanso mfundo zoyimika magalimoto ndi mitengo yake.
Ndi mlembi mnzake wa Washington, DC-based Institute of Transportation Engineer Protected Bikeways Practitioner's Guide and Lecture Series. Pogwira ntchitoyi adalandira Mphoto ya Institute's Coordinating Council Best Project Award 2018.
Adathandizira pakupanga Njinga Zophatikiza ndi Kuphatikiza Oyenda Pansi mitu ya Transportation Association of Canada's Geometric Design Guide for Canada Roads.
Golly amavomereza kuti ndi "njinga yamoto".