Isithuthuthu
(1) Motor
Imoto yeyona nto iphambili kwibhayisikile yombane.
Ngenxa yamandla alinganiselweyo aziswe yi-e-bhayisekile, njengesithuthi esinemozulu yonke, imoto iyacelwa ukuba ikwazi ukumelana nokusingqongileyo okungqwabalala, ngokuthembeka okuphezulu.
Imoto yahlulwe yabhrashi yemoto kunye nebrashi engenamoto. Imoto yebrashi yimveliso yendabuko esebenza ngokuzinzileyo. Kufanele ukuba ibe yimoto oyithandayo kwiibhayisikile zombane. Imoto engaxutywanga yimveliso entsha, ukusebenza kwayo kubhetele kunokuxubha. Kodwa ukujikeleza kwesekethe kuyinkimbinkimbi kwaye ukuvavanywa kokuguga kwezinto kungqongqo ngakumbi. Nangona imoto inobomi obude, isekethe yolawulo ithambekele ekusebenzeni kakubi. Ke ngoko, ukhetho lwe-brushless motor yokupasa uvavanyo oluthembekileyo lokuqinisekisa umgangatho.
Imoto yahlulwe yohlobo lwamavili, uhlobo oluphakathi kunye nohlobo lokungqubana kwimowudi yokudlulisela imveliso
Uhlobo lwevili lolwakhiwo olulula, inkangeleko entle, kodwa uxinzelelo lwe-motor shaft, iimfuno eziphezulu kwimoto. Olu hlobo lweemoto luzikhethela iibhayisikile zombane.
Uhlobo lolwakhiwo oluphakathi luyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa amandla e-motor shaft amancinci, umonakalo omncinci kwimoto, ibhayisekile yombane inokukhetha le moto.
Ubume bohlobo lokuxubana lulula, kodwa umonakalo kwivili ulungile, kwaye ivili liyatyibilika ngeentsuku zeemvula. Iibhayisikile zombane kufuneka zikhethwe ngononophelo kolu hlobo lweemoto.
Imoto kwisantya sokubaleka yahlulahlulwe: Isantya esisezantsi kunye nomgama wemoto yokuqhuba ngqo yeemoto kunye nesantya esiphezulu sohlobo lokuncipha kwemoto; Eyangaphambili igcina ibhokisi yemiyalezo, ke inengxolo ephantsi, isakhiwo esilula kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Kodwa inzima kuneyokugqibela. Uhlobo lwevili kufuneka lusebenzise isantya esisezantsi sokuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo, ngelixa uhlobo oluphakathi ngokubanzi luhlobo olukhawulezayo lokunciphisa iimoto.
Nangona zininzi iintlobo zeemoto, ngokubhekisele kwindawo ephambili, iibhayisekile zombane ezikhoyo kwimarike zingahlulahlulwa zibe yimagnethi yomhlaba esisigxina semagnethi engenamatshini, umhlaba onqabileyo wemagnethi osisigxina we-motor motor, kunye nomhlaba onqabileyo womazibuthe osisigxina we-dc motor .
Kwinkqubo yokwenyani yemveliso, njengoko ibrashi-yamazinyo e-motor ye-dc iyimoto ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu, izinyo lezixhobo lincinci kakhulu, kulula ukunxiba, kodwa amandla makhulu, amandla okunyuka ngokuqinileyo. I-motor brushless dc motor igcina ingxaki yokutshintsha ibrashi yekhabhoni iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba kwinkqubo yolawulo olungenamoto, ukuchaneka kwesicelo kuphezulu kakhulu. Kwakhona, isilawuli semoto esingenabrashi sibiza ngaphezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa, i-brushless dc motor, nangona ibrashi yekhabhoni kufuneka ithathelwe indawo, kulula kakhulu ukubuyisela ibrashi yekhabhoni. Ngapha koko, ulawulo lweemoto lulula, kwaye iimoto zihamba kakuhle ngokulingana okuphezulu kokhuseleko.
(2) Ibhetri
Iibhayisikile zombane zixhotyiswa ngamandla emichiza. Okwangoku, izithuthi zombane ikakhulu zivaliwe kulondolozo-ngaphandle kwebhetri yelothe-asidi njengokukhokela. Iibhetri zitshintsha ngokukhula kwezixhobo zombane. Ngoku kukho iibhetri ze-nickel hydride, iibhetri ze-lithium ion, iibhetri ze-sodium nickel chloride, iiseli zepetroli zotshintshiselwano ngeeseli zepetroli njalo njalo. Okwangoku, ukukhula kweseli yeoyile kunye nebhetri yomoya yealuminium kuyaphucuka.
I-Nanotechnology iya kuba sisihloko eshushu kwinkulungwane entsha. U-Qian xuesen waxela kwangaphambili ngo-1991: “ubume be nanometer nangaphantsi buza kugxila kwinqanaba elilandelayo lophuhliso lobunzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, iya kuba lutshintsho kwezobuchwephesha, ke ngoko, iya kuba lolunye uguquko kwimizi-mveliso kwinkulungwane yama-21. Kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzise ii-nanoparticles njenge-anode kunye nezinto zekathode yeebhetri. Ukuba ii-nanomaterials zisetyenziswa kwiibhetri, ukusebenza kweebhetri kunokufikelela kwinqanaba elitsha. Ukusetyenziswa kweseli yezibaso kwimithombo yamandla ezithuthi iya kuba yinjongo ekuqaleni kwale nkulungwane, kodwa eyona oyile ecocekileyo yi-hydrogen. Kodwa ihydrogen inengxaki yokugcina.
(3) Ukutshaja
Njengoko ibhetri ekhokelayo-asidi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizithuthi zombane, itshaja yeyona ndlela isebenzayo kwitshaja yenguqu. Nangona kunjalo, iitshaja zenguqu zinqabile ukuba zisetyenziswe ngenxa yesayizi yazo enkulu, engagungqiyo, ixabiso eliphantsi kunye nokusebenza ngokutsha okuncinci. Itshaja zombane ngoku zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ukufakelwa kwetshaja ac ombane malunga ne-200V, kwaye isiphelo sesiphumo sidityaniswe kwibhetri, kunye nemowudi yayo yokutshaja;
Okokuqala, ukukhutshwa okungapheliyo kunye nembuyekezo ngentlawulo enkulu yokubetha yangoku; Okwesibini, umrhumo othe rhoqo, ombane odadayo wokugcina ibhetri ihlawuliswe ukubonelela ngombane ozinzileyo kunye nowangoku. Itshaja inemisebenzi yemveliso yokhuseleko yesekethe emfutshane, ukuphuma kwemoto, ukhuseleko olugqithisileyo kunye nokukhuselwa okugqithisileyo, okuqinisekisa ubomi benkonzo yebhetri.
Ngenxa yophuhliso lwamva nje lobuchwephesha bokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, umxholo wokusebenza ngokutshaja okukhawulezileyo kweebhetri zemveli ezikhokelela kwiasidi zitshintshiwe. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba uninzi lweebhetri ezilawulwa yi-valve-lead lead acid zinokumelana nokutshaja ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukutshaja okukhawulezayo ngokufanelekileyo akunabungozi nje kuphela kodwa kuluncedo ekwandiseni ubomi bebhetri.
Nangona kunjalo, ibhetri ye-lithium ion njengebhetri efihliweyo engenawo manzi, ubomi obude, kodwa isenokuthathwa njengolona khetho lulungileyo kuluntu.
(I4) UController
Imoto engaxutywanga ifuna isilawuli esinzima. Okwangoku, uninzi lweebhayisikile zombane kwimarike zisebenzisa ibrashi yemoto, kwaye inkqubo yayo yolawulo ilula. Ekuqaleni, abantu banokufezekisa umsebenzi wokuqala ngokusebenzisa ulawulo lokuhambisa kwakhona. Njengoko iimfuno zabantu zebhayisikile zombane zikhula ngokunyuka, abalawuli be-elektroniki okanye abalawuli bedijithali bayamkelwa ngokubanzi ngoku. Isilawuli sinokusebenzisana nesiphatho sokulawula isantya ukulawula isantya seemoto, ngoku, amandla ombane weemoto, ukungasebenzi kunye nesantya semoto, isilawuli singenza imveliso yolawulo lwangoku, sivelise amandla afunekayo asiyi kuyitshisa imoto.
Isibambiso seRhuluneli sineentlobo ezintathu: uhlobo lwento yeholo, uhlobo olutsha lombane, uhlobo lwe-potentiometer, itekhnoloji yombane entsha ngoku ngowona msebenzi uqolileyo, othembekileyo, ke ngowona usetyenziswa kakhulu. Okwangoku, irhuluneli ebanzi yokubetha isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Uphuhliso olunempumelelo lomlawuli we-e-bhayisekile we-e-bhayisekile wenza inyathelo le-e-bhayisekile ukuya kwicandelo lobuchwephesha lobuchwephesha njengenyathelo lokuqala kwaye liya kuvula intengiso ebanzi ye-e-bhayisekile.
