Isithuthuthu
Ukukhwela umjikelo ozinzileyo | Oohola bendlela beHlabathi
Kubahlali abaninzi beedolophu, ukukhetha ukuhamba ngebhayisikile endaweni yezinye iindlela zokuhamba eMntla Melika kuthathe into ebaluleke ngakumbi ngexesha lobhubhane we-COVID-19. Abahambi ngebhayisikile baziva bekhuselekile ukuba bangabikho kufutshane neebhasi, iitramu, oololiwe kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhamba zikawonke-wonke, ngaphandle kokuba abaqhubi bezothutho benza konke okusemandleni ukunyanzelisa uhlobo lwendlela yokuphambuka eluntwini.
Kodwa isiseko sokuhamba ngebhayisikile esikhuselekileyo sasisele sibekiwe kwizixeko ezininzi zaseMntla Melika ngaphambi kobhubhane. Kude kwafika ii-2000s zokuqala, iindlela zebhayisekile eMntla Melika zazenziwe phantsi kwefilosofi yezithuthi zebhayisikile- apho umqhubi webhayisikile esebenzisa indledlana yezithuthi ngokungathi ibhayisekile yayisisithuthi. Oku kwakulungile kwabo bakhweli bhayisikile uncwadi lobunjineli olubabiza ngokuba "ngabomeleleyo kwaye aboyiki" - bahlala bebaleka okanye bebefudula bebaleka- abakulungeleyo ukuyixuba kunye neetoni zentsimbi ezibalekayo.
Ngokudibeneyo kodwa kwahlulwa: Iindlela zebhayisekile yaseVancouver ziyonwatyelwa ziintsapho kwangelo xesha lokubaleka © David Arminas / World Highways
Kodwa ukusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-2010, ukukhwela ibhayisikile eNyakatho Melika kuthathwe indawo yefilosofi ezinzileyo. Le ndlela yokucinga yenziwa nguvulandlela ngamaDatshi emva kweminyaka yoo-1970, kodwa naseMontreal eCanada njengomntu owamkelekileyo kwangoko kwiminyaka yoo-1990.
Uninzi lwabakhweli beebhayisikile abonwabanga xa beludibanisa nesinyithi. Abangoyikiyo bafuna inqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko lomntu okuthetha imizila yomjikelo eyahluliweyo eyilelwe ngokhuseleko engqondweni kwasekuqaleni - kubaqhubi beemoto kunye nabakhweli zibhayisikile, utshilo uTyler Golly, injineli yezothutho kunye nomlawuli wecandelo laseCanada laseMelika- esekwe kuToole Uyilo *, ingcebiso yobunjineli ebandakanyeke kakhulu kumgaqo wokujikeleza kunye noyilo lwendlela.
Ngokuvalwa kwe-Covid kunye namashishini amaninzi kunye neeofisi zivulwa, ngaba abantu abaninzi baya kukhwela iibhayisikile zabo basebenzise imizila yomjikelo?
“Ngubani onempendulo? Into esiyaziyo kukuba kuthatha iintsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-60 zenyathelo eliqhelekileyo ukwenza imikhwa emitsha, nokuba kukuzilolonga, ukutya okanye ezinye izinto, utshilo uGolly ozinze kwidolophu yasentshona eCanada i-Edmonton. Ukutshixwa kwezinto kuqhubekile kobu bude buvumela abantu ukuba bavavanye ukuhamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Iivenkile zebhayisekile apha [e-Edmonton] ziyakukuxelela ukuba kutshanje zigcwele imibuzo malunga neebhayisekile. Uninzi lwabantu lubonakala ngathi luyazilungisa iibhayisekile zabo ezindala kwaye zibuyele endleleni. ”
Umbuzo ngulo, uthi, ngaba urhulumente uza kujonga umsebenzi weziseko zomjikelo njengenxalenye yenkuthazo yokufumana uqoqosho luqengqeleka emva kukaCovid. "Ngaba bazakubona oku njengenxalenye ye-ajenda yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye neziseko eziluhlaza eziluncedo ekucocekeni komoya wedolophu?"
Umcimbi kubantu abaninzi ngexesha leCovid ibe kukuphambuka ekuhlaleni. Oku kunokuba nzima kwizithuthi zikawonkewonke nangona uninzi lwabasebenzisi bezinto zokuhamba besete umgama ekuhlaleni kwiibhasi, koololiwe abangaphantsi koololiwe. Nangona kunjalo, uyabuza, ukuba ezi nkqubo zithathiwe emva kobhubhane weCovid, ngaba abantu bazakubuyela kuthutho lokukhwela okanye baqhubeke nokuhamba bejikeleza?
Cinga ngendlela iidolophu ezivale ngayo ezinye iindlela ezingasetyenziswanga ngenxa yemoto ezimbalwa endleleni kwaye bazinikezela ukuhamba ngebhayisikile. Abantu ngoku banokusetyenziselwa umbono kunye nendawo engaphezulu yokuhamba nokujikeleza. "Yonke le nto indenze, usapho lwam kunye nabanye babahlobo bam babuza iingcinga malunga nabantu kunye nokukhetha ukuhamba," utshilo.
Umzekelo, uCovid ubalule isidingo sokuba nezinto eziluncedo ezinje ngeevenkile zentengiso, iivenkile ezithengisa ukutya kunye neevenkile zeziyobisi kufutshane nasekhaya, kumgama onokuhamba okanye wokuhamba ngebhayisikile. "Oku kungatshintsha ukusetyenziswa kwemimandla yasezidolophini kunye nokutshintsha indlela yokuhamba kunye neziseko."
Ukhuselekile eMntla Melika
Ukuzigcina ukhwele ibhayisikile kuthetha ukuyila umzila ngokusekwe kwii-givens ezimbini, ucacisa uGolly. “Okokuqala, abantu bayazenza iimpazamo. Isibini, umzimba womntu usesichengeni kuko nakuphi na ukungqubana nesithuthi. Ke uyila umzila webhayisekile kunye neendlela ezihamba iimpazamo zabaqhubi kunye nabahambi ngebhayisikile ukunqanda ukwenzakala okanye ukufa.
Indlela yaseDatshi inezinto ezimbini, utshilo. Apho isantya sezithuthi siphezulu kunoko umzimba womntu ebenokukunyamezela ukuba ebethe watshayisana, bohlula abakhweli beebhayisikile kwizithuthi ngokwenza umkhondo webhayisekile. Baqala ukubabeka ezixekweni kwaye benza ezinde ukudibanisa iidolophu kunye needolophu.
Elinye icala yayikukwenza izitalato ezinobungane bebhayisikile apho ukuhamba ngebhayisikile kunye nokuhamba ngenyawo kwakubaluleke kakhulu kunabasebenzisi bezithuthi ababenyanzelekile ukuba baqhube kancinci ukuze bangonzakalisi nabani na xa kungqubana. “Ngokubalulekileyo, uxuba abantu kunye nezithuthi kuphela ngesantya esisezantsi. EMntla Merika, phantsi kwentanda-bulumko yokuhamba ngebhayisikile ezindala, ubadibanise bobabini abasebenzisi, ngaphandle kwesantya sezithuthi, kwaye babelana ngendlela. ”
Uyilo lwendlela yokuhamba luhlala iintlobo ezintsha zezixhobo zebhayisikile, ukusuka kwiimodeli eziphindaphindayo kunye neempahla zokubonisa oomatshini © David Arminas / World Highways
Oku kwakulungile kwiqela elincinci labakhweli beebhayisikile abanamava abahamba lula ngokuhamba kwezithuthi. Eli qela lisekhona. “Ngokuqinisekileyo abayiqondi into yokuba banamanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo kwimizimba yabo kodwa banokuyilawula loo nto. Uninzi lwabantu alunako. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba andoyiki kwaye ndingenaloyiko lokuziva ndikhuselekile yile nto bendisenza apha e-Edmonton, eCalgary, eVictoria, eAuckland, eHouston, eBoston naseWinnipeg. ”
Ukuhamba ngebhayisikile kwezithuthi kwakuthetha ukuba umkhweli webhayisikile wayeziphethe ngokungathi ibhayisekile yayisisithuthi kwaye babelana ngendlela. Kunyanzelekile ukuba umkhweli webhayisikile aziphathe ngendlela enoxanduva kwezithuthi. "Andicingi ukuba uxanduva ekwabelwana ngalo ngokhuseleko phantsi kweebhayisikile ezithuthi luthotyiwe okanye alusafuneki nakancinci phantsi kwebhayisikile ezinzileyo."
Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-2000, iidolophu zaseMntla Merika zaqala ukwazisa imizila yepeyinti eyayingahlukanga ngokomzimba kwiindlela zemoto. Injongo yayikukwenza abantu bazive bekhuselekile kwaye bekhuselekile.
“Oku kuye kwenza ukuba abanye abantu bazive bekhuselekile kodwa le ibiyinto encinci yokuhamba ngebhayisikile. Imizila epeyintiweyo yayimxinwa kwaye yayihlala kwiindlela ezazinesantya esiphezulu kwiinqwelo-mafutha kunye nomthamo wezithuthi, ”utshilo. “Uninzi lwabemi alukakulungeli ukuqhuba iibhayisekile kuloo ndawo. Ayikhuselekanga kwaye ayonwabisi kubo. Abantu abazukuvumela abantwana babo bakhwele kuloo meko. ”
Njengomzekelo, watsho, uphando e-Edmonton malunga no-2013 lubonise ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-mafutha, uninzi lwabo ngokwabo babengabahambi ngebhayisikile bokuzonwabisa, babone imizila emitsha yepeyinti ingasetyenziswa kakhulu. Baye baqaphela ukuba iindlela zabo zezithuthi zenziwe zangxenyana ukulungiselela isilayidi sendlela esisetyenzisiweyo. Abaqhubi bezithuthi "babekhathazekile" kuba bencama indawo, utshilo.
IMontreal yeyokuqala
IMontreal yayisisixeko sokuqala eMntla Melika ukuthatha umceli mngeni wokudala inethiwekhi yomjikelo weendlela zaseYurophu. IVelo Quebec *, esekwe eMontreal, yayikwimibutho yokukhuthaza ukuhamba ngebhayisikile eyazibandakanya kuyilo lomgaqo webhayisekile, utshilo uGolly. Isikhokelo sokuyila iVelo Quebec sisetyenziswa njengesalathiso kwizixeko ezininzi zaseMntla Melika njengomzekelo wento enokwenziwa ukukhuthaza ukuhamba ngebhayisikile kwilizwekazi, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisemantla ezisemantla.
Inqaku elinye elibeke iMontreal yahlukile kukuba imizila yomjikelo wesixeko yenzelwe ukuba icocwe ngokulula kwikhephu lasebusika nakwiqhwa. Ngaphandle kweedolophu ezininzi ezisemantla e-US kwaye uninzi lweedolophu zaseCanada zinobusika obugqithisileyo obufana neMontreal, oku bekungathathelwa ngqalelo kangako phaya kwiminyaka yoo-1990, nanamhlanje nanamhlanje, utsho uGolly. Kodwa namhlanje, ukuthandwa kokukhwela ibhayisikile kuye kwathetha ukuba kukho abakhweli beebhayisikile kwizixeko ezininzi abaya kuthi bangene kwimozulu engaphantsi kwezero ngeebhayisekile ezixhotyiswe ngoku kukhwela ebusika. Oku kuyinyani ngokukodwa ekuthiwa ziibhayisikile ezityebileyo ezineebhaluni ezifana neevili ezinamavili. Kukwakho namavili agcweleyo eebhayisikile.
“I-Calgary [kumazantsi e-Edmonton] inika ingxelo yokuba malunga ne-30% yabakhweli basehlotyeni bayaqhubeka ukukhwela ebusika kwaye apha e-Edmonton malunga nomntu omnye kwabathandathu [17%]. Oku kuyamangalisa ngenxa yokuba uthungelwano lweebhayisikile kwisixeko ngasinye alunxibelelananga ngendlela ekuza kuba ngayo kwaye iindlela zokucoca ikhephu nomkhenkce zisaqhubeka. ” Kuyamangalisa ngakumbi ukuba amaqondo obushushu ebusika anokujikeleza ngokungangqalanga -20oC ngeentsuku zokuphela emva koko aye kuthi ga kwi -35 ° C kangangeentsuku ezininzi.
Ngombulelo, ngakumbi nangakumbi izixeko zabelana ngolwazi malunga noyilo lomjikelo wedatha kunye nedatha enye kwenye. Ezinye izinto azicacanga, njengokutshintsha ulandelelwano lweerobhothi ukulungiselela abahambi ngebhayisikile. “Kukho uthungelwano oluninzi lokwabelana ngolwazi olunceda abanye batshintshiselane ngezimvo. Njengomcebisi, sinendima ekufuneka siyidlalile ngokubonisa abaxumi bethu ubunzima bokucwangciswa kwendlela yomjikelo kwaye sikhombe izinto ekusenokwenzeka ukuba bebengazange bacinge ngazo phambi kokuba baye kuthenda. ”
Xa uyila isitalato, unezithuthi eziyiliweyo ezikunceda ukhethe ububanzi bomgaqo kunye nokuchonga i-radii yekona ukuze izithuthi zikwazi ukucoca ukujika. Ngokufanayo kwimizila yokujikeleza, ucacisa uGolly. Ibhayisekile ngokwayo iyimoto yoyilo kwaye iza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu ngoku, ukusuka kwiibhayisikile eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-recumbent, iibhayisikile zemithwalo, kwaneebhayisekile ezintathu. Kuyilo oluphambili ngakumbi, izithuthi zolondolozo lwasehlotyeni nasebusika kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo.
Izitrato ezinobungane bebhayisikile: isantya esincinci sezithuthi sinokunciphisa ukwenzakala okukhulu kwimeko yengozi kunye nomkhweli webhayisikile eVictoria, eBritish Columbia © David Arminas / World Highways
"Kwiidolophu ezibandayo, enye yeenqwelo ezinokuyilwa inokuba nesikhephu esincinci kuyo kwaye ububanzi beendlela kufuneka buhambelane netekhnoloji ekhoyo," utshilo. “Kwakhona, uyilo kufuneka lubandakanye indawo apho ikhephu lisusiweyo linokugcinwa khona kude kuthathwe. Ke uyilo lwendlela lungahluka, kuxhomekeka ekubeni ufumana ikhephu elingakanani; Lide kangakanani ixesha lekhephu; ubusika busika.
“Umzekelo, ngaba ikhephu liyanyibilika kungekudala emva kokuwa? Ngaba ikhephu liyajiya kwaye linzima ukutyhala ngapha nangapha okanye ngaba lipholile kwaye lisuswe ngokulula ngesixa esikhulu? E-Edmonton, basebenzisa ukususwa kwekhephu kwezinye zezinto ezitshayelayo abathi bazisebenzise ngamanye amaxesha kwiindlela zabahambi ngeenyawo kwiipaki, ”utshilo. Isixeko kungafuneka senze uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lwezixhobo zokucoca ikhephu.
Ukuba uthelekisa uyilo oluvela nakwiminyaka eli-10 eyadlulayo, inani leendidi zemijikelezo yomjikelo iya ngokuncipha ngenxa yoyilo olungcono kwidatha engaphezulu. Umbono kukwenza ukusetyenziswa kwabo kube ngokuchanekileyo. Kodwa nangona kuyilo olugqwesileyo, imfundo ekusebenziseni nasekuziqhelaniseni nayo iyafuneka, kubaqhubi beemoto nabahambi ngebhayisikile. Abaqhubi baya kufuna ukwazi malunga nokujonga. Nkqu nabahambi ngeenyawo banokuzibuza ukuba uhamba njani kwindlela yebhayisekile ukuba ufuna ukuya kwindawo yokumisa iibhasi.
Ubonisa ukuphunyezwa kwemizila emitsha e-Edmonton naseCalgary eCanada naseHouston kwiphondo laseMelika iTexas. Ingcebiso inikwa bobabini abaqhubi kunye nabahambi ngebhayisikile kwiirobhothi okanye apho banokuma khona abakhweli beebhayisikile, ekudibaneni kwendlela, okanye abaqhubi abapaka iimoto zabo
"Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zixeko zineqela lezitalato okanye oonozakuzaku bezitalato," utshilo. "Aba bantu, badla ngokuba ngabafundi kwikhefu labo lasehlotyeni, banikezela ngeencwadana zolwazi, baphendule imibuzo, bancede abakhweli beebhayisikile bahambe kwindlela enqamlezileyo okanye bathathe phantsi izimvo zabasebenzisi bendlela malunga nabacwangcisi besixeko."
Iintlanzi
Ukuphawulwa kwendlela nomjikelo webhayisekile kufuneka zifundeke kubo bonke abasebenzisi, nokuba kukuhamba, ukuhamba ngebhayisikile okanye ukuqhuba. Kuya kufuneka uyazi into ekufuneka uyenzile kodwa nento ekufuneka yenziwe ngabanye abantu. Ke ukumakisha kufuneka kubenomdla.
“Apho ubeka khona oongqatyana kuxhomekeke kububanzi bendlela. Kwindlela emxinwa, inokuba isembindini wendlela. Imizila ebanzi ibinokuya kwicala elinye lendlela. ”
Ukuba ubuyela umva kwii-2000s zakuqala, oongqatyana babonisa apho bahamba khona ngebhayisikile, ngenxa yoko ngewube ukhwele ngqo ngaphaya komkrolo. Baye bakunceda ukuba uchonge indawo onokuzifumana kuyo. Kodwa oongqatyana babedla ngokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu, kwiindlela ezinesantya esiphezulu apho uninzi lweebhayisikile lwalungakulungelanga ukukhwela.
"Ixesha elininzi ngoku, kufumaneka oomatshini abenza utyando kumthamo wezithuthi eziphantsi, iindlela ezinesantya esiphantsi kwaye ziluhlobo oluthile lokuhamba ngokuchasene nalapho kufanele ukhwele khona endleleni." (jonga inqaku, Ukhuselekile ngeeSharows?, kwiCandelo lendlela kunye noKhuseleko)
Itekhnoloji yokuhamba ngebhayisikile inika abakhweli ukhetho olungakumbi lweendlela zebhayisikile, ezinje ngeebhayisekile zombane, ekufuneka zilungiselelwe uyilo lwendlela. “I-Auckland eNew Zealand ibone inyuka kwi-e-bikes kuba isixeko sinenduli enkulu. I-e-bhayisekile yenza ingqiqo eninzi kubahambi ngebhayisikile abaninzi. Abantu abadala abazonwabisa ngeebhayisikile banokuzithenga kuba befuna ukukhwela ezinye. ”
Imithetho ngaphezulu kweebhayisekile esebenzisa imizila yeebhayisekile isaqhubeka, utshilo. Isantya seebhayisekile ngumcimbi kwabanye oomasipala. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uGolly esitsho, uninzi lwamaxesha uncedo lungena emva kwesantya esithile, ngokwesiqhelo i-32km / h, kunye nesantya esiphezulu silawulwa.
Uninzi lweebhayisikile zinokukhwela kweso santya ngaphandle kokuncediswa yi-e, kunjalo nje, ii-e-bikers zigcina nje ukuhlala nabanye abakhweli beebhayisikile. Ukholelwa ukuba isixeko ngasinye okanye umasipala ngamnye uya kuba nemimiselo yakhe malunga nokusetyenziswa kweebhayisikile.
“Ndiyathemba ukuba ubhubhane ubuncinci udale indawo apho sinengxoxo malunga nokuba uluntu lwethu lwexesha elizayo luza kuba njani kwaye lusinyanzele ukuba sibuze izinto ebesizithatha njengezingabalulekanga,” utsho uGolly. "Into yokuvusa umnxeba."
* Uyilo lukaToole lunceda uMbutho waseMelika woRhulumente weeNdawo eziHamba noThutho-i-AASHTO-uhlaziye isikhokelo sayo soPhuculo lweeNdawo eziBhayisikile. Uyilo lukaToole lusebenze ekulungiseleleni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesikhokelo ukusukela nge1990.
Ukuhamba kakubi ngeGolly
UTyler Golly, oneminyaka engama-38 ubudala, wazalwa kwiphondo laseCanada laseSaskatchewan. Uneziqu zeBachelors Degree kwezobuNjineli kwiDyunivesithi yase-Alberta, e-Edmonton, nakwi-Masters Degree kwezobuNjineli kwiDyunivesithi yaseCalgary. Ube no-Toole Design ukusukela nge-2018 kwaye ungumlawuli we-Toole Design Group Canada, esebenza e-Edmonton, e-Alberta, e-ofisini.
UTyler Golly emantla- mpuma eFrance nakwiintsimbi zomceli mngeni weParis-Roubaix ngo-2017 © Tyler Golly
UGolly wayedibene ne-Edmonton-based Stantec Group ukusuka ngo-2015-2018 kwaye wayejolise ekuhanjisweni kweeprojekthi zothutho oluzinzileyo e-Edmonton, Canada nase-US. Wathunyelwa okwethutyana eNew Zealand ukuba ancedise ekufumaneni kukaStantec i-MWH. Ngelixa wayelapho, wajonga kwakhona uMgangatho weBhayisikile yeNkqubo-sikhokelo yeNkonzo yesixeko saseAuckland, eNew Zealand.
Ndikunye no-Edmonton (2012-2015) wayengumphathi ngokubanzi wezothutho oluzinzileyo. Ukongamele ukwenziwa komsebenzi onxulumene nophuhliso olujolise kwezothutho, izitrato eziphambili, iipavumente kunye neendlela, iindlela zebhayikhi, izinto ezinxulumene nokudityaniswa komgaqo kaloliwe ohamba kancinci, kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokupaka kunye namaxabiso.
Ungumbhali-mbhali we-Washington, DC-esekwe kwiZiko leNjineli yezoThutho esiKhuselekileyo isiKhokelo seNgcali yeBikeways kunye neNgcaciso yeziFundo. Ngalo msebenzi wafumana iBhaso lokuLungelelanisa iBhunga leProjekthi yeBhaso eliBalaseleyo le-2018.
Uye wenza igalelo kuyilo oluHlanganisiweyo lweBhayisikile kunye nezahluko eziHlanganisiweyo zoyilo lwabahambi ngeenyawo zoMbutho wezoThutho weSikhokelo soYilo seJometri seCanada kwiiNdlela zaseCanada.
UGolly uyavuma ukuba "ungumntu ohamba ngebhayisikile".