Isithuthuthu
Iibhayisikile zombane zibe yindlela yokuhamba kubathengi abaninzi. Kwimarike yebhayisikile yombane eneempawu ezahlukeneyo, loluphi uhlobo lwebhayisikile elungileyo oluye lwaba sisihloko esichaphazelekayo ngabathengi abaninzi. Njengesixhobo sokuhamba umgama omfutshane, ibhayisekile yombane inezibonelelo ezininzi njengokukhusela indalo esingqongileyo, uqoqosho, akukho jam yezithuthi, njl njl. Ke ekuthengeni ibhayisekile yombane, zeziphi izakhono zokuthenga?
IINKCUKACHA 1. Khetha umgangatho. Nika ingqalelo kukhetho lwentengiso ephezulu, umgangatho kunye nenkonzo yasemva kwentengiso iqinisekisiwe.
IINKCUKACHA 2. Khetha iimodeli. Ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kweemodeli ezahlukeneyo zahlukile. Cebisa ukuba ukhethe kwaye uthenge elula, ephathekayo.
IINKCUKACHA 3. Bona inkangeleko. Nika ingqalelo kumphezulu egudileyo, glossiness, ingqalelo welding, ukupeyinta, umgangatho nesingxobo.
IINKCUKACHA 4. Ukukhangela imvakalelo. Uvavanyo lokukhwela, yiva ukuqala, ukukhawulezisa, ukuqhuba kakuhle kwesithuthi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwesithuthi, jonga ukuqina kwebhuleki, ukuguquguquka kwebarbar, umsebenzi wevili.
IINKCUKACHA 5. Ukujonga iinkqubo. Jonga ukuba ilayisensi yemveliso, incwadana yokusebenza kunye nesiqinisekiso semfundo siyasebenza kwaye sigqibelele, kwaye jonga ukuba ngaba izinto ezizizincedisi zigqibelele na. Nika ingqwalaselo eyodwa nokuba izithuthi ezinelayisensi yalapha.
IINKCUKACHA 6. Jonga ubumbeko. Izinto ezinxulumene noko ezibalulekileyo, ezinjengebhetri, imoto, itshaja, isilawuli, itayara, isibambo sokuqhekeza, njl.ngcono ukukhetha imoto engasebenzisi brashi.
E-ibhayisekile BatteUlwazi lokuthenga
I.Type kunye Iukuveliswa
Kwimarike yebhayisikile yombane, eyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu ibhetri ekhokelela ekulondolozweni kwe-asidi, i-AGM ibhetri isebenzisa itekhnoloji yokwahlulahlula iglasi yefayibha, kunye nebhetri ye-GEL isebenzisa itekhnoloji ye-colloidal electrolyte.
Umgaqo osebenzayo webhetri ye-ebike ekhokelayo kukuba i-anode (PbO2) kunye ne-cathode (Pb) kwibhetri ekhokelwayo igxunyekwe kwi-electrolyte (dibanisa i-acid ye-sulfuric acid), evelisa amandla e-2V phakathi kweepali zombini. Utshintsho lwekhemikhali ekukhutsheni kukuba i-asidi ye-sulfuric acid iya kusabela kwizinto ezisebenzayo kwi-anode kunye ne-cathode ukwenza ikhompawundi entsha "yelothe yesulphate". I-Sulfuric acid ikhutshwa kwi-electrolyte ngokukhupha i-acid ye-sulfuric acid. Ixesha elide ukukhutshwa, ukucekeceka kokuxinana kwesulfuric acid. Izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziyalingana nokukhutshwa. Ukukhutshwa okanye intlawulo yentsalela ingafunyanwa ngokulinganisa uxinizelelo lwe-asidi yesulfure kwi-electrolyte, okt, ubunzima bayo. Ukutshaja xa ukukhutshwa kukutshintsha kwemichiza kwi-anode, ipleyiti ye-cathode eveliswe yi-sulphate ekhokelayo inokubola xa ubuyisela kwi-asidi ye-sulphuric, lead kunye ne-oxide ekhokelayo, ngoko ke ibhetri ye-electrolyte yoxinaniso inyuke ngokuthe ngcembe, apho inani le-electrolyte, kunye ukubuyela ngaphambili koxinzelelo lokukhutshwa ngokuthe ngcembe, olu tshintsho lubonisa ukuba izinto ezisebenzayo zebhetri zibuyiselwe kwimeko yombane kwakhona, xa iipali zokuncitshiswa kwelothe yesulphate izinto zokuqala ezisebenzayo, ezilingana nokuphela kokutshaja , kunye ne-cathode plate iya kuvelisa i-hydrogen, i-anode ivelise i-oksijini, ukutshaja ukuya kwinqanaba lokugqibela, okwangoku kusetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke i-electrolysis yamanzi kunye ne-electrolyte iya kunciphisa, oku kufanele ukuxhaswa ngamanzi amsulwa.
AGM Ibhetri ibhetri ifakwe kwi-asidi ye-sulfuric acid, efunxwe kwiglasi yeglasi esahlula-hluli kunye nepleyiti ye-electrode, kwaye akukho phantse i-electrohydraulic ephathekayo. Uninzi lweebhetri zebhayisekile zombane kwintengiso ziibhetri zeAGM.
gel Uhlobo lweeseli ze-GEL azinayo i-electroliquid yasimahla emva kwe-GEL ye-electrolyte, kwaye ukubakho kokuvuza kwe-asidi kuncinci kakhulu kunohlobo lwangaphambili. Inani le-perfusion li-10-15% ngaphezulu kokunciphisa i-asidi ye-sulfuric acid, kunye nelahleko yamanzi incinci, ke ibhetri ye-colloidal ayizukusilela ngenxa yokulahleka kwamanzi. Inaliti ye-colloid yonyusa amandla okwahlulahlula, ikhusela ipleyiti ye-electrode, yenze isiphako sokwahlulahlula i-asidi, kwaye yenze uxinzelelo lwendibano lungancitshiswa kakhulu, sesinye sezizathu zobomi bebhetri obude. Le colloid ugcwalisa umsantsa phakathi umahluli kunye ipleyiti electrode, ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa lwangaphakathi ibhetri kwaye ngaloo ndlela ukuphucula ukwamkeleka womserbia. Ke ngoko, ukukhutshwa ngaphezulu, ukubuyiswa kwe-shaanxi kunye nokutshaja kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokusebenza ngokusebenza kweebhetri ze-colloidal zingaphezulu kweebhetri ze-AGM. Iiseli zeColloidal zihambelana ngakumbi kuneziqabane ze-AGM. Zine iindidi zeecolloids eziveliswe kwibhetshi e-China: iicolloids zesigaba segesi, i-silica sol, i-sol edibeneyo kunye ne-organosilicon polymer colloids.
Umgaqo wokusebenza kwebhetri ye-lithium ion imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: xa ibhetri ihlawulisiwe, i-lithium ekwizinto ezintle iyasuswa kwaye ingene kwi-graphite engalunganga ngokusebenzisa uvalo. Xa ibhetri ikhupha, ion ion lithium iphuma kwi-anode graphite kwaye idlule kwi-membrane ibuyele kwizinto ze-anode. Njengoko ukuhlawulwa kunye nokukhutshwa kuqhubeka, ion lithium ihlala igxunyekwe kwaye ikhutshwe kwiipali ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.
I-lithium ion Ibhetri luhlobo lwebhetri yesibini, kuba ine-eneji ephezulu yamandla, intlawulo enkulu yangoku kunye nokukhutshelwa, akukho siphumo sememori, iindleko eziphantsi zempahla eluhlaza, indalo nokusingqongileyo kunye nezinye izibonelelo, ke emva kokuyilwa kwentengiso unyaka nonyaka ngokukhawuleza ukwanda, uya kuphumelela kwibhetri yesibini kwikamva. Ukusukela oko yangeniswa kwii-1990s, ukusuka kwiibhetri ezinamaqhosha kwiimveliso ze-elektroniki ukuya kwiibhetri ze-lithium kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kunye nakwiimveliso zedijithali ze-DC, iibhayisekile zombane zisetyenzisiwe. Kodwa iibhetri ze-lithium-ion ziphakathi kwesithathu nesiqingatha sexabiso lemoto yombane, ngaphezulu kakhulu kuneebhetri zelothe-asidi. Ukongeza, ibhetri ye-lithium ithambekele kwiingxaki zokhuseleko ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu kunye nokuzinza kwezinto. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, ibhetri ye-lithium ion iya kuba sisiqhelo sophuhliso lwesithuthi esikwizinga eliphezulu zombane.
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II.TUkukhetha amanqaku ebhetri
Ibhetri ye-AGM inezibonelelo zexabiso eliphantsi kunye nokukhutshwa okukhulu okwangoku, kodwa ineziphene zoluhlu lobushushu lokusebenza obuncinci, ukulahleka ngokulula kwamanzi kunye nokubaleka kobushushu. Iiseli ze-GEL, kwelinye icala, zinenzuzo yeendleko eziphezulu, ukusebenza okuzinzileyo, uluhlu olubanzi lobushushu ekusebenzeni, ukuxhathisa ukutshaja nangaphezulu, kunye nobomi obude. Ngenxa yokuba ibhetri yebhayisikile yombane kwiimeko ezininzi yeyangoku enkulu, ukukhutshwa komjikelo onzulu, ke ngoko, ibhetri yebhayisikile yombane ilunge ngakumbi ukukhetha ibhetri yecolloidal. Iibhetri zeColloidal zinamandla okumelana nokukhupha ngaphezulu kunye namandla okugcina amandla e-electro-hydraulic, athintela ifuthe lokukhutshelwa okungaphezulu kwebhetri kunye nesenzeko sokubaleka kobushushu obubangelwa kukuphulukana namanzi ebhetri.
Zonke iintlobo zebhetri ekhokelayo-asidi yokutshaja ibhetri yeempawu ezisisiseko ezifanayo, kodwa ngenxa yefomula nganye yemathiriyeli yebhetri, enje ngokuxinana kwe-electrolyte kunye nomxholo zahlukile, i-voltage yokutshaja inomahluko othile, ke ngoko, ngokungqongqo, kufanele iimfuno ezithile zomenzi webhetri ukumisela ibhetri yokutshaja ivolthi, kungenjalo kulula ukubangela ukusetyenziswa gwenxa kwebhetri.
Amandla okuphuma kwemoto yebhayisikile yombane kufuneka afane namandla alinganisiweyo ebhetri. Ke ngoko, ukuze wandise ubomi benkonzo yebhetri, amandla emoto ebhayisekile yombane kufuneka angaphantsi kwamandla alinganisiweyo ebhetri kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukunqanda ibhetri isebenza kumthwalo opheleleyo okanye ukulayisha ngaphezulu ixesha elide.
IIIUkusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweebhetri ze-ebike
Xa ibhetri isetyenziswa kuthotho, ukuba ukuxhathisa kwangaphakathi kwebhetri akuhambelani, umbane wokuphela kwebhetri awuzukuhambelana kwinkqubo yokutshaja nokukhupha, eya kuthi ekugqibeleni ibangele ukutshaja kwebhetri yonke kunye nokusilela kwangaphambi kwexesha. . Ke ngoko, kwibhayisikile ye-e, ibhalansi kunye nokuhambelana kwepakethi yebhetri kunefuthe elibonakalayo kubomi bebhetri. Kubasebenzisi, ukusebenzisa ibhetri ngokufanelekileyo kuya kuchaphazela ibhalansi kunye nokungaguquguquki kwebhetri ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, oko ke kuchaphazele ubomi benkonzo yebhetri. Ngokophando kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhetri kule minyaka idlulileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba abathengi basebenzise iibhetri ngokufanelekileyo ngezi ndlela zilandelayo.
(1) isantya sokuhamba ngebhayisikile yombane: 20-25km / h.
(2) umgama wokuhamba ngebhayisikile: 10-30km / ngosuku, ngobunzulu bokukhutshwa ngaphantsi okanye ulingana ne-70% (ukukhutshwa okukodwa okunzulu rhoqo kwiinyanga ezimbini).
(3) ukutshaja rhoqo: kanye ngemini.
(4) ukuthwala umthwalo: ukukhwela ibhayisikile enye (umntwana omnye ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-10 ubudala unokuqhutywa).
Ngokwendlela engentla, i-e-bhayisekile esemgangathweni inokufikelela kwiminyaka eyi-3-4 okanye kwiminyaka emi-5 ekusebenziseni okuqhelekileyo, kwaye ibhetri inokuhlala unyaka onesiqingatha. Ubunzulu bokukhupha ubunzulu, ubomi obude bomjikelo kunye nobude bebhetri Ke ngoko, abathengi ngokubanzi bakholelwa ukuba akulunganga ukuhlawulisa kube kanye kumjikelo omnye. Ukuze wandise ubomi bebhetri, kubalulekile ukwenza ibhetri igcwaliswe ngokupheleleyo ngawo onke amaxesha. Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokulahleka kwamandla ixesha elide, ipleyiti engeyiyo yebhetri yetyiwa ngokulula, ekhokelela ekuphulukaneni nomthamo webhetri kwaye ichaphazela ubomi benkonzo yebhetri.
Iv. Ukugcinwa kwebhetri
Iibhetri ezifanelekileyo ze-moped ngumzi mveliso weebhetri, ubomi bebhetri kunye nokusebenza ukuya kwinqanaba elithile kuxhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni nasekugcinweni kwabathengi.
(1) ukuthelekisa kwitshaja kunye nebhetri.
Umbane we-moped battery awulunganga, awubi, ubonakalisa ukubaluleka kwetshaja kunye nokuhambelana kwebhetri, kukho izinto ezimbini: enye itshaja entsha ngokwayo kunye neeparameter zomenzi webhetri ukubonelela azingqinelani, owesibini ngumgangatho ombi izinto itshaja ngokwayo, waqala ukusebenzisa njengoko umdlalo, njengoko abathengi ukuhlawuliswa kunye nokukhutshwa umjikelo kusetyenziswa, itshaja ngokwayo ngenxa lobushushu ukunyuka, izinto ukwaluphala, ukuvelisa ombane yokutshaja kunye drift yangoku, iiseli ezonakeleyo.
(2) ukunikezelwa kombane rhoqo nangamaxesha.
Umboleki unohlobo lokungaqondani kubomi benkonzo yomjikelo obhalwe ukusebenzisa indawo yesikhokelo ngesiqhelo, cinga ukutshaja, ubomi bebhetri buyancipha, linda amandla ombane webhetri ukuba atye umbane wokhuseleko we-31.5V ukuya qala ukongeza umbane ngalo lonke ixesha, ke cinga nje ukuba ayikwazi ukukhusela ibhetri, kunye nokunciphisa ubomi bebhetri. Khumbula ke umthengi obanzi, ngezantsi kwemeko enokuthi, uphendule ukunika ibhetri ngexesha lokuxhasa ingxelo.
- Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ukuqhubeka nokukhwela xa ukukhanya kwesikhombisi kubonisa phantsi kwevolthi. Abanye abathengi bakhwela embindini wendlela, isibonakaliso sesibane sibonisa imeko ye-voltage engaphantsi kwamandla, emva koko uthathe ikhefu ukukhwela okwethutyana, okuyingozi kakhulu kwibhetri, ukukhutshwa okungaphezulu kakhulu kuyakwenza ibhetri isalization okanye khokelela ekwakhiweni kwedendrite, yenza ibhetri isekethe emfutshane, ichaphazele ubomi.
- I-moped yombane iqalile nje, ukunyuka, ukulayisha ngaphezulu kufuneka kuzame ukunceda.
- Xa ukhwele kwiintsuku zemvula, zama ukunqanda ukumanzisa iswitshi kunye nokudibana ukuthintela ukuvuza kombane.
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