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Kutasva iyo yakasarudzika kutenderera | Nzira Dzepasi Pose
Kune vazhinji vanogara mumaguta, kusarudza mabhasikoro panzvimbo pedzimwe nzira dzekufamba muNorth America kwave kutora chimwe chinhu chinoshungurudza panguva ye COVID-19 denda. Mabhasikoro anonzwa akachengeteka kusave munzvimbo dzepedyo dzemabhazi, matramu, zvitima uye dzimwe nzira dzekufambisa kwevanhu, kunyangwe vafambisi vezvifambiso vachiita nepavanogona napo kusimudzira nzira yekupararira munharaunda.
Asi hwaro hwemabhasikoro akachengeteka hwakanga hwatoiswa nemaguta mazhinji eNorth America chirwere ichi chisati chavapo. Kusvikira kutanga kwema 2000, nzira dzemabhasikoro muNorth America dzainge dzakagadzirwa pasi pehunyanzvi hwemabhasikoro emota - uko mutyairi anoshandisa nzira yemigwagwa sekunge bhasikoro yaive mota. Izvi zvaive zvakanaka kune avo vaichovha mabhasikoro avo einjiniya mabhuku avanodaidza kuti "akasimba uye asingatyi" - kazhinji mujaho kana aimbove mujaho - uyo akasununguka kuasanganisa nematani esimbi achimhanya ne.
Pamwe chete asi vakaparadzaniswa: Nzira dzebhasikoro dzeVancouver dzinonakidzwa nemhuri kunyangwe panguva yekumhanya © David Arminas / World Highways
Asi kubva pakutanga kwe2010s, mota dzemabhasikoro muNorth America dzakatsiviwa neyakagadzikana bhasikoro uzivi. Uku kufunga kwakapayona nemaDutch kumashure ema1970, asi zvakare neMontreal muCanada semutambi wekutanga muma1990.
Ruzhinji rwevatyairi vemabhasikoro havasi kufara kuisanganisa nesimbi. Ivo vasinga-vanotya vanoda huwandu hwepamusoro hwekuchengetedzeka kwemunhu zvinoreva nzira dzakatenderedzwa dzakatenderedzwa dzakagadzirwa nechengetedzo mupfungwa kubva pakutanga - kune vatyairi pamwe nevemabhasikoro, anodaro Tyler Golly, injinjiniya wekufambisa uye director weboka reCanada reUS- yakavakirwa Toole Dhizaini *, yeinjiniya kubvunza yakanyanya kubatanidzwa mukutenderera nzira uye nzira dhizaini.
NeCovid lockdowns ichirerutsa uye mamwe mabhizinesi nemahofisi achivhurwa, vanhu vazhinji vanozokwira mabhasikoro avo voshandisa nzira dzekutenderera?
“Ndiani ane mhinduro? Chatinoziva ndechekuti zvinotora mazuva makumi matatu kana makumi matanhatu ekuita nguva dzose kuti utange maitiro matsva, angave ekurovedza muviri, kudya kana zvimwe zvinhu, ”anodaro Golly uyo anogara kumadokero kweCanada guta reEdmonton. "Kukiyiwa kwakaenderera kwehurefu uhwu zvichibvumira vanhu kuti vaongorore mafambiro akasiyana. Zvitoro zvemabhasikoro pano [muEdmonton] zvinokuudza ivo vachangobva kuzadzwa nemibvunzo pamusoro pemabhasikoro. Vanhu vazhinji vanoita kunge vari kurongedza mabhasikoro avo ekare nekudzoka munzira. ”
Mubvunzo ndewanoti, anodaro, hurumende ichatarisa basa rekutenderera kwenzira yekutenderera sechikamu chekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika kutenderera mushure meCovid. "Vachaonawo izvi sechikamu chehurongwa hwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye nharaunda dzakasvibirira dzinobatsira nemhepo yakachena yemumaguta?"
Iyo nyaya yevanhu vazhinji panguva yeCovid yave iri yekuparadzanisa munharaunda. Izvi zvinogona kuomarara pane zvekufambisa zveveruzhinji kunyangwe vazhinji vanofamba vachimisikidza kusimudzira nzanga mumabhazi, nzira dzepasi nepasi nezvitima. Nekudaro, anobvunza, kana masisitimu aya akabviswa mushure meCovid denda, vanhu vachadzokera here kutakura kukwira kana kuramba vachifamba nekutenderera?
Funga nezvekuti maguta akavhara sei dzimwe nzira diki-dzaishandiswa dzemotokari nekuda kwemotokari shoma mumugwagwa nekuzvitsaurira kuti vafambe nemabhasikoro. Vanhu vanogona ikozvino kushandiswa kune iyo pfungwa uye yakawanda nzvimbo yekufamba uye kutenderera. "Zvese zvaita kuti ini, mhuri yangu nedzimwe shamwari dzangu tibvunze fungidziro nezvevanhu uye sarudzo dzekufamba," anodaro.
Semuenzaniso, Covid akajekesa kudiwa kwekuve nezvimwe zvinofarirwa senge zvitoro zvekutengesa, zvitoro zvezvitoro uye zvitoro zvemishonga padhuze nepamba, mukati mekutenderera kana chinhambwe chemabhasikoro. "Izvi zvinogona kuchinja nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa nevashanduri vemumadhorobha nekushandura mafambiro nezvivakwa."
Yakachengeteka North America
Sucainable cycling means designing a lane based on two givens, anotsanangura Golly. “Chekutanga, vanhu vanokanganisa. Chechipiri, muviri wemunhu unonetsekana chero mukubonderana nemotokari. Saka munogadzira gwara redenderedzwa uye nzira yemigwagwa inogamuchira zvikanganiso zvinoitwa nevatyairi uye nemabhasikoro kudzivisa kukuvara zvakanyanya kana kufa. ”
Maitiro echiDutch aive nezvinhu zviviri, akadaro. Iko kumhanya kwemotokari kwakakwirira kupfuura izvo zvaizoshivirirwa nemuviri wemunhu kana iye akange arova, ivo vakaparadzanisa mabhasikoro kubva kumotokari nekugadzira iyo track track. Vakatanga kuvaisa mumaguta uye vakagadzira yakareba kuti vabatanidze mataundi akasiyana siyana.
Chimwe chikamu chaive chekugadzira nzira dzakanaka-dzemabhasikoro uko kuchovha uye kufamba kwaikosha pane vashandisi vemotokari vaisungirwa kutyaira zvakaringana kuti vasakuvadze chero munhu kana paine kubonderana. “Chaizvoizvo, unosanganisa vanhu nemotokari chete nespidhi yakaderera. MuNorth America, pasi pehungwaru hwekare hwemotokari, iwe wakasanganisa vese vashandisi, zvisinei nemumhanyisa wemotokari, uye vakagovana mugwagwa. ”
Dhizaini dhizaini dhizaini inogara mhando nyowani yemidziyo yemabhasikoro, kubva kune dzakaumbika uye mamodheru emitoro kuratidza-off michina © David Arminas / World Highways
Izvi zvaive zvakanaka kune vashoma vashoma vevanoziva bhasikoro avo vakasununguka kufamba nemumigwagwa. Iri boka richiripo. “Vanogona kunge vasingazive, zvakadaro, kuti vane kukwirisa kwakanyanya muhuropi nemitumbi yavo asi vanogona kuzviita. Vanhu vazhinji havagone. Kuita kuti avo vasina kusimba-uye-vasingatyi vanzwe vakachengeteka ndizvo zvandanga ndichiita kuno kuEdmonton, muCalgary, Victoria, Auckland, Houston, Boston neWinnipeg. ”
Mota kuchovha bhasikoro zvairevawo kuti mutyairi webhasikoro akazvibata sekunge bhasikoro raive mota uye vakagovana mugwagwa. Zvinosungirwa pamutyairi webhasiketi kuti azvibate nenzira ine mutoro yemota. "Handifunge kuti basa rakachengetedzwa pakuchengetedza bhasikoro remota rakadzikiswa kana kuti harichadiwi pasi pekuchovha bhasikoro."
Pakutanga kwema2000, maguta ekuchamhembe kweAmerica akatanga kuburitsa nzira dzakatenderedzwa dzekutenderera dzaive dzisingapatsanuke kubva munzira dzemotokari. Pfungwa iyi yaive yekuita kuti vanhu vanzwe kuchengetedzeka uye kunyatsove vakachengeteka.
“Izvi zvakaita kuti vamwe vanhu vanzwe kuchengetedzeka asi ichi chaive chidiki chevanhu vanogona kuchovha bhasikoro. Nzira dzakapendwa dzaive dzakamanikana uye kazhinji dzaive mumigwagwa yaive nemhanyisa dzemotokari uye huwandu hwemotokari, ”akadaro. “Vazhinji vevanhu havasati vave kuda kutenderera bhasikoro munzvimbo iyoyo. Hazvina kuchengeteka uye kusagadzikana kwavari. Vanhu havasi kuzorega vana vavo vachikwira munzvimbo yakadaro. ”
Semuenzaniso, akadaro, kutsvagisa muEdmonton kutenderedza 2013 kwakaratidza kuti vatyairi vemotokari, vazhinji vacho ivo pachavo vaive vatyairi vemabhasikoro, vakaona nzira idzva dzakapendwa dzisiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Vakacherechedzawo kuti nzira dzadzo dzemotokari dzakaitwa diki kugadzirisa chidimbu chemumugwagwa chakamboshandiswa. Vatyairi vemotokari "vakashungurudzika" kuti vanga vachipa nzvimbo, akadaro.
Montreal yekutanga
Montreal ndiro raive rekutanga guta reNorth America kutora dambudziko rekugadzira imwe yeEuropean-dhiraini yekutenderera nzira. Velo Quebec *, yakavakirwa muMontreal, yaive mumawadhi emasangano ekusimudzira mabhasikoro akapinda mukugadzirwa kwenzira, anodaro Golly. Velo Quebec's dhizaini yekushandisa inoshandiswa senge inotaurwa nemaguta mazhinji eNorth America semuenzaniso wezvingaitwe kukurudzira kuchovha bhasikoro kukondinendi, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero.
Chimwe chinhu chakaisa Montreal parutivi ndechekuti nzira dzeguta dzakatenderedzwa dzakagadziriswa kuti dzive nyore kusanaya chando nechando. Kunyangwe akawanda ekuchamhembe kweUS uye maguta mazhinji eCanada aine mwaka wechando wakakomba seMontreal, izvi hazvina kunyanyo fungidzirwa kumashure kuma1990, kana nanhasi dzimwe nguva, anodaro Golly. Asi nhasi, kufarirwa kwekuchovha bhasikoro kwareva kuti kune mabhasikoro mumadhorobha mazhinji anozoenda kunze kune zero-zero mamiriro emamiriro emabhasikoro ayo zvino akagadzirirwa kutasva yechando. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kune anonzi mafuta mabhasikoro ane mabharuni-akafanana uye ane grippy matai. Kune mamwe matai akazara emabhasikoro.
"Calgary [kumaodzanyemba kweEdmonton] inoshuma kuti vangangoita 30% yevatasvi vezhizha vanoramba vachitasva munguva yechando uye muno muEdmonton inenge munhu mumwe muvatanhatu [17%]. Izvi zvinoshamisa chose nekuti imwe yedhorobha remabhasikoro harina kubatana sezvachange richiita uye kuti chando nemazaya echando zviri kuramba zvichiitika. ” Zvinotonyanya kushamisa kuti tembiricha yechando inogona kutenderera yakatenderera -20oC kwemazuva ekupedzisira uye yozodzika kusvika -35 ° C kwemazuva akati wandei.
Nekutenda, maguta akawandisa ari kugovana ruzivo nezve dhizaini dhizaini dhizaini nedata kune mumwe nemumwe. Zvimwe zvinhu hazvisi izvo zviri pachena, sekushandura maratidziro emarobhoti kuteedzera vanofamba nemabhasikoro. “Kunezvekuwanda kwekugovana ruzivo izvo zvinobatsira kuchinjana mazano kune vamwe. Isu semubatsiri, tine basa rekuratidza mutengi wedu kuomarara kwekuronga nzira dzekutenderera nekunongedza zvinhu zvavangangodaro vasina kumbofunga nezvazvo vasati vaenda kunopa tender. ”
Paunenge uchigadzira mugwagwa, une dhizaini mota dzinokubatsira iwe kusarudza nzira yeupamhi uye kuona radii yekona kuitira kuti mota dzigone kujekesa. Saizvozvowo pamigwagwa yekutenderera, anotsanangura Golly. Bhasikoro pacharo imotokari dhizaini uye vanouya nemhando dzakasiyana uye saizi izvozvi, kubva pamabhasikoro akajairwa kusvika kune zvekare, mabhasikoro ekutakura, kunyangwe matatu emabhasikoro. Mukugadzira kwepamberi, mota dzekuchengetedza zhizha uye nguva yechando dzinofanirwa kutarisirwa.
Migwagwa ine bhasikoro: inononoka mota kumhanya inogona kudzora kukuvara kwakakomba kana paitika kudhumhana nemutyairi webhasiketi muVictoria, British Columbia © David Arminas / World Highways
"Mumaguta anotonhorera, imwe yedzimotokari dzinogona kunge dziine kapururu kechando pairi uye upamhi hwemugwagwa hunofanira kushandira hunyanzvi huripo," anodaro. “Zvakare, dhizaini inofanirwa kusanganisira nzvimbo umo chando chakabviswa chinogona kuchengetwa kudzamara chabviswa. Saka iro dhizaini dhizaini inogona kusiyana, zvichienderana nekuti unowana chando chakadii; nguva yakareba sei mwaka wechando; tembiricha yechando.
“Semuenzaniso, chando chinonyungudika munguva pfupi mushure mekudonha here? Chando chakakora uye chinorema kusundira-tenderera kana chiri chinyoro uye chinobviswa nyore nyore muhuwandu hwakawanda? KuEdmonton, vanoshandisa kubvisa chando vamwe vevanotsvaira diki vavanoshandisa mune dzimwe mwaka munzira dzevanofamba netsoka mumapaki, ”anodaro. "Guta rinogona kuita bhajeti yemidziyo yekuparadzanisa sinou."
Kana iwe uchifananidza dhizaini kubva kunyangwe makore gumi apfuura, huwandu hwemhando dzemigwagwa yekutenderera iri kuita diki yekutenda kune zvirinani dhizaini pane imwe data. Pfungwa ndeyekushandisa kwavo kuita zvine mutsindo. Asi kunyangwe neyakanakisa dhizaini, dzidzo yemashandisirwo uye kuenderana nazvo inodiwa, kune vatyairi uye vanofamba nemabhasikoro. Vatyairi vachatoda kuziva nezve izvo zvekutarisa kunze. Kunyange vanofamba netsoka vanogona kubvunza nzira yekufamba nayo bhasikoro kana iye achida kusvika pachiteshi chebhazi.
Anonongedzera mukuitwa kwenzira nyowani muEdmonton neCalgary muCanada neHouston mudunhu reUS reTexas. Zano rinopihwa kune vese vatyairi uye vanofamba nemabhasikoro pamarobhoti kana apo panomira mabhasikoro, pamharadzano, kana vatyairi kupaka mota dzavo.
"Kazhinji aya maguta ane timu yemugwagwa kana mamishinari emigwagwa," anodaro. "Vanhu ava, kazhinji vadzidzi pazororo ravo rezhizha, vanopa mapepa emashoko, kupindura mibvunzo, kubatsira vanofamba nemabhasikoro kufamba pamharadzano nyowani kana kudzikisira zvataurwa nevashandisi vemugwagwa kune vanoronga guta."
Sharrow's
Mugwagwa uye kutenderera nzira yekumaka inofanirwa kuve inonzwisisika kune vese vashandisi, kungave kufamba, kuchovha kana kutyaira. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva zvaunofanirwa kuita asiwo izvo vamwe vanhu vanofanirwa kuita. Saka kumaka kunofanirwa kuve intuitive.
“Papi pekuisa shiri dzinotsamira pakufara kwemugwagwa. Pamugwagwa wakamanikana, ungangove uri pakati penzira. Mumigwagwa yakafara, inogona kuenda kune rimwe divi remugwagwa. ”
Kana iwe ukadzokera kumavambo ekuma2000, shiri dzakaratidza kwaunotenderera mumugwagwa, saka ungadai wakange uchichovha chaizvo pamusoro peiyo sharrow. Ivo vakabatsira iwe kuziva kwaungawana iwe pachako. Asi shiri dzaiwanzo mumigwagwa inomhanya-mhanya, ine mavhoriyamu emagetsi uko vazhinji vaichovha bhasikoro vasina kugadzikana kukwira.
"Kazhinji yenguva izvozvi, shiri dzinowanikwa mumigwagwa yakaderera, mumigwagwa ine mwero uye iri nzira yekutsvaka kusiyana nenzvimbo yaunofanira kukwira munzira." (ona maficha, Akachengeteka neSarrows?, muHighways uye chengetedzo chikamu)
Tekinoroji matekinoroji ari kupa vatyairi mamwe sarudzo emabhasikoro masitayera, senge emagetsi mabhasikoro, ayo anofanirwa kugariswa munzira yemugwagwa. “Auckland muNew Zealand yakaona kuwedzera kwema e-bikes nekuti guta rine zvikomo zvakanyanya. E-bhasikoro inoita manzwiro mazhinji kune vakawanda mabhasikoro. Vatasvi vebhasikiti vekare vanogona kuzvitenga nekuti vanoda kukwira mabhasikoro akareba. ”
Mitemo pamusoro pee-mabhasikoro achishandisa nzira dzekutenderera dzichiri kuchinja, anodaro. Kumhanya kwee-mabhasikoro inyaya yemamwe matunhu. Nekudaro, sekutaura kunoita Golly, kazhinji yenguva iyo rubatsiro runorovera mukati mushure meimwe kumhanya, kazhinji 32km / h, uye kumhanya kwepamusoro kunotongwa.
Vazhinji vemabhasikoro vanogona kuchovha paimhanyisa iyo vasina e-kubatsira zvakadaro, saka mae-bikers ari kungoenderana nevamwe vaichovha mabhasikoro. Anotenda kuti rimwe nerimwe guta kana masiparati achave nemirau yake maererano neyekushandisa bhasikoro.
"Ndinovimba kuti denda iri rakagadzira nharaunda yekuti titaurirane pamusoro pezvedu nharaunda dzeramangwana dzinofanira kutaridzika uye zvakatimanikidza kusahadzika zvinhu zvatainge takoshesa," anodaro Golly. "Chinhu chekumuka."
* Toole Dhizaina iri kubatsira iyo American Association yeHurumende Highway Yekufambisa Mahofisi - AASHTO - kugadzirisa yayo Nongedzo yeKuvandudza kweBhasikoro Zvivakwa. Toole Dhizaina akashanda achigadzirira akasiyana edhisheni yegwara kubva kuma1990.
Kukwira kwakaipa kweGolly
Tyler Golly, ane makore makumi matatu nemasere, akaberekerwa mudunhu reCanada reSaskatchewan. Ane Bachelors Degree in Engineering kubva kuYunivhesiti yeAlberta, muEdmonton, uye neMasters Degree muUnijiniya kubva kuYunivhesiti yeCalgary. Akave aine Toole Design kubvira 38 uye ari director weToole Dhizaina Boka Canada, achishanda kunze kweEdmonton, Alberta, hofisi.
Tyler Golly kuchamhembe- kumabvazuva kweFrance uye pamacobbles eParis-Roubaix Dambudziko muna 2017 © Tyler Golly
Golly aibatana neEdmonton-yakavakirwa Stantec Boka kubva 2015-2018 uye yakanangana nekuendeswa kwemapurojekiti ekufambisa akasimba muEdmonton, Canada, uye muUS. Akatumirwa kwenguva pfupi kuNew Zealand kunobatsira nekutora kwaStantec kweMWH. Achiri ikoko, akatarisa-kuongorora Bhasikoro Hwakanaka hweSevhisi Sisitimu yeguta reAuckland, New Zealand.
NaEdmonton (2012-2015) aive manejimendi mukuru wekufambisa kwakasimba. Akatarisira kuitwa kwebasa rine chekuita nekusimudzira-kutungamira, migwagwa mikuru, migwagwa nemigwagwa, bikeways, zvinhu zvine chekuita nekubatana kwechitima chemwenje, pamwe nemutemo wekupaka nemitengo.
Iye anoshanda-munyori weWashington, DC-yakavakirwa Sisitimu Yekufambisa Injiniya Inodzivirirwa Bikeways Practitioner's Nongedzo uye Lecture Series. Kune iri basa akagamuchira iyo Institute's Coordinating Council Yakanakisa Project Mubairo 2018.
Akapa kune Yakabatanidzwa Bhasikoro Dhizaini uye Yakabatanidzwa Yevanofamba Mafambiro zvitsauko zveTransporting Association yeCanada yeGeometric Dhizaina Gwara reCanada Roads.
Golly anobvuma zviri nyore kuve "bhasikoro nerd".